WELCOME
TO
SCHOOL CITY’S
INTERNET EDUCATION
GRAMMAR BANK @ GRADE VIII
SYLLABUS
FA 1 – SEGMENTS 1-3
FA 2 – SEGMENTS 4-6
SA 1 – SEGMENTS 1-6
FA 3 – SEGMENTS 7-9
FA 4 – SEGMENTS 10-12
SA 2 – SEGMENTS 7-12
WARNING: CHILDREN ARE INSTRUCTED NOT TO STUDY FROM MOBILE PHONE DIRECTLY. THEY SHOULD WRITE DOWN ANSWERS IN NOTE BOOK AND LEARN FROM IT.
SCHOOL CITY EDUCATION – GRAMMAR BANK @ GRADE VIII
SEGMENT 1: KINDS OF SENTENCES
Q1. What are the kinds of sentences?
Based on the meaning, sentences are of five types.
1) Declarative or assertive sentences: These sentences make statements or a type of observation. They are two types of affirmative and negative
Eg: Orai is a small city. A lion is not a domestic animal.
2) Imperative sentences: Imperative sentence is the sentence which gives a command, make a request or a gives advice or suggestions.
Eg: Open the gate.
Do not sit idle in the class.
3) Interrogative: An Interrogative: sentence is a sentence that asks questions. An interrogative sentence ends with a question mark.
Eg: what is your name?
Do you like oranges?
4) Exclamatory sentences: Exclamatory sentences express a sudden and strong feeling like surprise, wonder, delight, pity, anger etc
Eg: What a beautiful picture!
What a surprise!
5) Optative sentences: Optative sentences are those which express wishes.
Eg: May god bless you!
May you live long!
Q2. What are finite verbs?
Finite verbs are those verbs that agree with the subject and express the mood, tense, number and person.
Rewrite the following sentences to form meaningful sentences.
1. melodious very the poem is [exclamatory]
2. answer what an unsatisfactory [assertive]
3. got flight the late [interrogative]
4. am I wrong [negative question]
5. will not she late reach [affirmative]
6. not rules break should you [imperative]
7. she fruits sells [negative]
8. doctor a is she [negative question]
9. young tense the boy how looks [exclamatory]
10. very cold a night it is [exclamatory]
Exercise 2
Underline the finite verbs in the following.
1. How the fresher defeated the experienced is still a mystery.
2. I hope that is she will get well soon.
3. Namita accepted to meet me at that cafe.
4. You can either come with me or take a taxi.
5. She is a good girl.
6. Walking through the bushes I spotted a dear behind the tree.
7. It is still an unfolded story.
8. She is the most renowned orator.
9. He is a good worker.
10. After he had taken a shower had are dinner.
SCHOOL CITY EDUCATION – GRAMMAR BANK @ GRADE VIII
SEGMENT 2: NOUN - GENDER
Q1. What are the genders of nouns?
Ans: Nouns are of four genders.
1) Masculine,
2) Feminine,
3) Neuter,
4) Common.
Masculine nouns refer to words for a male member.
Feminine nouns refer to words for a female member.
Neuter nouns refer to words for things that have no gender.
Common nouns refer to words that do not specify gender.
Learn Masculine –Feminine
actor–actress
bachelor–spinster
boy–girl
bridegroom-bride
bull-cow
cock-hen
conductor –conductress
dog-bitch
duck-drake
gander-goose
gentleman-lady
heir–heiress
hero–heroine
host-hostess
king-queen
lion-lioness
lord-lady
manager–manageress
nephew-niece
prince-princess
ram-eve
stallion-mare
tiger-tigress
uncle-aunt
Exercise: 1 Change the gender of the nouns and rewrite the following sentences.
1. The king proclaimed that his son would be the next king
2. The manager asked the man to write an application in his own handwriting.
3. The hero in this film is a famous actor.
4. He chose his heir in a special meeting.
5. Every woman has her own way of conducting herself.
6. The landlord asked his tenant to pay all his dues.
7. The police arrested a man mistaking him as a thief.
8. The lady asked the girl to help her in the office work.
9. A man is the maker of his own destiny.
10. The king made his appearance disguising himself as a soldier.
SCHOOL CITY EDUCATION – GRAMMAR BANK @ GRADE VIII
SEGMENT 3: COMPREHENSION – SPEECH & ESSAY
MY INDEPENDENCE DAY SPEECH
A very good morning to respected teachers and my dear friends; Today we are here to celebrate the 72nd Independence Day of our country. First of all I wish you all a very great Independence Day. We all know that Independence Day recalls the occasion when India became a free country. India became a free country on 15th August 1947. Today I stand in front of you as a proud citizen of India. I would like to utilize this opportunity to salute our great freedom fighters. Great leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose did great service to India. Independence Day is a great occasion to unite the people of India. It is also an occasion to dedicate ourselves to the service of our nation. Independence Day is celebrated all over the country with enthusiasm. It is also a national festival. All sections of the society celebrate this festival. It is an occasion to think what we did for India. As responsible citizens we are duty-bound to work for the unity of our country. Once again I wish you all a great Independence Day. Jai Hind, Jai Bharat.
ESSAY ON TIME
Time is limitless, it has no beginning or ending, yet it plays a very vital role in our lives. Understanding the value of time and how to manage it effectively is very important to lead a successful and happy life. The only thing that cannot be reversed is time, once a moment passes, it’s gone forever. Time will never stop or wait for anyone, so people need to learn how to make the most of time.
All living beings are dependent on time and shouldn’t waste even a second of it. Though our lives are short, we have a vast amount of tasks to accomplish in a short amount of time. So proper time management is a necessity to use time efficiently.
One of the best ways to save time is to prioritize tasks that are important. Once you’ve set some realistic goals for yourself, make a list of tasks that are the most important. Finish these tasks first and focus on the unimportant ones later.
SCHOOL CITY EDUCATION – GRAMMAR BANK @ GRADE VIII
SEGMENT 4: NOUNS: MATERIAL AND ABSTRACT
1. What is a material noun?
A material noun is a word used to describe an object that can be perceived by senses.
Eg: iron, gold, wood
2. What is an abstract noun?
An abstract noun is a word used to describe an object that cannot be perceived by senses.
Eg: happiness, freedom, taste
Exercise 4.1
Fill in the blanks with suitable material nouns.
1. Bread is made with …………
2. My father does not like too much ………… in his food.
3. Many huge buildings are made of ………… and …………
4. I have a ring a made of …………
5. Children love to play with the ………… on the beach.
6. ………… has no color.
7. ………… is made by silkworms.
8. We wear ………… clothes in summer.
9. Why have you put the so much ………… in my coffee?
10. Please put a piece of ………… in my soup.
Exercise 4.2
Fill in the blanks with the abstract nouns formed by the words given in bracket.
1. My grandfather’s ………… is very pleasing. [laugh]
2. Principal was appreciated for ………… [honest]
3. India got her ………… after a long struggle. [free]
4. The elephant’s ………… is astonishing. [strong]
5. The ………… by the Jury was accepted by all. [just]
6. Mangoes are famous for their ………… [sweet]
7. The soldiers were rewarded for their ………… [brave]
8. I always admire great ………… [friend]
9. The ………… of hall was very nice. [decorate]
10. ………… always wins. [true]
SCHOOL CITY EDUCATION – GRAMMAR BANK @ GRADE VIII
SEGMENT 5: PRONOUNS
1. What are the types of pronouns?
Pronouns are of different types:
personal pronouns
possessive pronouns
reflexive pronouns
interrogative pronouns
relative pronouns
2. What is a personal pronoun?
A pronoun that stands for a person or thing is called a personal pronoun. Anil is my friend. He lives in America.
3. What is a possessive pronoun?
A pronoun used instead of a noun to show possession is called a possessive pronoun.
Anil is my friend.
4. What is a reflexive pronoun?
A pronoun used the receiver of an action is called a reflexive pronoun.
Anil himself painted this picture.
5. What is an indefinite pronoun?
A pronoun which refers to persons or things in general is called an indefinite pronoun.
Some are born rich.
6. What is an interrogative pronoun?
A pronoun used for asking question is called an interrogative pronoun.
Who is your friend?
7. What is a relative pronoun?
A pronoun that relates a group of words that follow is called a relative pronoun.
This is the person who showed me the way.
Exercise 5.1
Fill in the blanks with reflexive pronouns.
1. Please dry ………… with a towel or you will catch cold.
2. We ………… will have to make efforts.
3 The train stopped by …………
4. Our nature reflects ………… in the actions.
5. She ………… had decided to go to Delhi.
6. The horse has hurt …………
7. They ………… went there.
8. We ………… served the guests.
9. She put ………… to trouble for nothing.
10. We often talk to …………
Exercise 5.2
Fill in the blanks with interrogative pronouns.
1. ………… is the tallest mountain in the world?
2. ………… is your father?
3. ………… is there in your bag?
4. ………… has done this?
5. ………… do you want to meet?
6. ………… pen is this?
7. ………… is your dress?
8. ………… is making noise in the corridor?
9. ………… are you speaking to?
10. ………… should we blame?
Exercise 5.3
Fill in the blanks with I/me.
1. Show ………… your test result.
2 ………… drop fast but ………… was late for the party.
3. Mother has given breakfast for you and …………
4. He and ………… were standing at the cross road when a sudden noise startled us.
5. Let ………… solve me this riddle.
6. ………… am waiting here for my sister.
7. ………… have no idea when she will come back.
8. Please give ………… some milk to make tea.
9. It was the most delicious meal ………… have ever had.
10. Has Sohail brought anything for …………
SCHOOL CITY EDUCATION – GRAMMAR BANK @ GRADE VIII
SEGMENT 6: COMPREHENSION – LETTER & ESSAY
Leave Letter
Write a letter to your class teacher asking him/her to grant you leave for 2 days.
From,
Roshan Singh,
Class VIII,
School City Education, Rajendra Nagar, Orai.
Sub: Application for leave.
Respected sir,
I have been suffering from fever since last night. Doctor advised me to take rest for two days. Kindly grant me leave for two days from 11-10-2024 to 12-10-2024.
Yours sincerely,
Roshan Singh.
Rajendra Nagar,
10-10-2024.
ESSAY ON THE CAMEL
The camel is a big and useful animal. It has a small head, long neck, long slender legs, and a large stomach in which it stores large quantity of water so that it can move a long distance without water. It has a hump on its back.
A camel is generally found in lands where there are deserts. It is called 'the ship of the desert". Its feet are shooed with pads, just a kind of shoes for walking upon hot sand. The men in the desert ride on its back, drink its milk and eat its flesh. Fine brushes are made from its hair.
The camel is a beast of burden. It can travel from thirty to thirty-five miles a day with a load, and sixty to eighty miles without a load. It does not feel hungry or thirsty from such long journeys. Camels live on herbs. But when they are very hungry, they will eat almost everything they can find- bones, skin, fish, even a blanket.
SCHOOL CITY EDUCATION – GRAMMAR BANK @ GRADE VIII
SEGMENT 7: PHRASES & CLAUSES Q1. What is a phrase? A phrase is a group of words that makes sense but does not make a complete sense. They do not have any subject and predicate. Eg. He sat on the table Q2. What is a clause? A clause is a group of words that forms a part of a larger sentence and has its own subject and predicate. If a clause makes complete sense in itself, it is called the main close or the principal clause. If a clause is dependent on another clause to complete its meaning, it is called the subordinate clause. Eg. They asked why I was late. Exercise 7.1: Pick out the phrases from the following sentences 1. He is the man of his words 2. I found this book from the library 3. My friend is loved by all 4. We have a cupboard made of wood 5. She stood near the window 6. The birds sat on the three branches 7. Everyone came from far and near in exhibition 8. The peon rang the bell during racess 9. The sun shines brightly near the garden 10. The donkey is standing under the tree. Exercise 7.2: Pick out the clauses from the following sentences. 1. I know what you mean. 2. He said that the flight was not on time. 3. We agree to what you say. 4. This is the boy who failed in the class. 5. I love those who love me. 6. Although he is poor, yet his honest. 7. She smarter than I am. 8. As he was ill, he didn't attend the wedding. 9. Keep standing where you are. 10. Here is the magazine which you want. Exercise 7.3: State whether the underlined part of the sentences is a phrase or a clause. 1. The boy who has passed the test is my brother. 2. The book is on the table. 3. They left after sunset. 4. They left when the sun had set. 5. Their time of departure is unknown. 6. When they will depart is unknown. 7. I left the pen on the table. 8. I left the pen where you wanted. 9. I give up the desire to win. 10. I gave up the desire that I should win.
SCHOOL CITY EDUCATION – GRAMMAR BANK @ GRADE VIII
SEGMENT 8: ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICES Q1) What is active voice? Ans1 : When the subject of the sentence is the doer of the action, the sentence is said to be in active voice. E.g. Arun killed a snake. Q2) What is passive voice? Ans2 : When the subject of the sentence is the receiver of the action, the sentence is said to be in passive voice. E.g. A snake was killed by Arun. Simple present: Tanu eats a mango. → A mango is eaten by Tanu [v1 → is + v3] Ram eats mangoes. → Mangoes are eaten by Ram [v1 → are +v3] A dog bites me. → I am bitten by a dog. [v1 → am +v3] Present continuous: Tanu is eating a mango. → A mango is being eaten by Tanu [v-ing → being + v3] Ram is eating mangoes. → Mangoes are being eaten by Ram [v-ing → being + v3] A dog is biting me. → I am being bitten by a dog. [v-ing → being + v3] Present perfect: Tanu has eaten a mango. → A mango has been eaten by Tanu [v3 → been + v3] Ram has eaten mangoes. → Mangoes have been eaten by Ram [v3 → been + v3] A dog has bitten me. → I have been bitten by a dog. [v3 → been + v3] Simple past: Tanu ate a mango. → A mango was eaten by Tanu [v2 → was + v3] Ram ate mangoes. → Mangoes were eaten by Ram [v2 → were +v3] A dog bit me. → I was bitten by a dog. [v1 → was +v3] Past continuous: Tanu was eating a mango. → A mango was being eaten by Tanu [v-ing → being + v3] Ram was eating mangoes. → Mangoes were being eaten by Ram [v-ing → being + v3] A dog was biting me. → I was being bitten by a dog. [v-ing → being + v3] Past perfect: Tanu had eaten a mango. → A mango had been eaten by Tanu [v3 → been + v3] Ram had eaten mangoes. → Mangoes had been eaten by Ram [v3 → been + v3] A dog had bitten me. → I had been bitten by a dog. [v3 → been + v3] Simple future: Tanu will eat a mango. → A mango will be eaten by Tanu [will + v1 → will be + v3] Ram will eat mangoes. → Mangoes will be eaten by Ram [will + v1 → will be +v3] A dog will bite me. → I will be bitten by a dog. [will + v1 → will be +v3] Future continuous: Tanu will be eating a mango. → A mango will be being eaten by Tanu [v-ing → being + v3] Ram will be eating mangoes. → Mangoes will be being eaten by Ram [v-ing → being + v3] A dog will be biting me. → I will be being bitten by a dog. [v-ing → being + v3] Future perfect: Tanu will have eaten a mango. → A mango will have been eaten by Tanu [v3 → been + v3] Ram will have eaten mangoes. → Mangoes will have been eaten by Ram [v3 → been + v3] A dog will have bitten me. → I will have been bitten by a dog. [v3 → been + v3] Exercise 8.1: Change the voice of the following sentences 1. I bought some oranges. 2. She has lost her purse. 3. The student had won the competition. 4. The house is being sold by Harish 5. She took my pencil 6. The car has been sold by the firm. 7. The seat had been taken by the passenger. 8. She will sing a song. 9. The map was drawn by Mahesh. 10. Parents gave permission to their children. Exercise 8.1: Convert the following questions in active voice to passive voice. 1. What is he doing? 2. Who has broken your toy? 3. Who killed the lions? 4. Did he know you? 5. Are you writing an essay? 6. Is Parul driving the car? 7. Had the boys played the hockey? 8. Will they sing a song? 9. Were they playing cricket? 10. Did Ankur polish the shoes?
SCHOOL CITY EDUCATION – GRAMMAR BANK @ GRADE VIII
SEGMENT 9: COMPREHENSION – SPEECH & ESSAY SPEECH ON REPUBLIC DAY A very good morning/ to respected teachers/ and my dear friends./ Today/ we are here /to celebrate the 75th Republic Day/ of our country./ First of all/ I wish you all/ a very great Republic Day./ We celebrate Republic Day/ on 26th January/ because on this day in 1950/ our country became a republic./ The Constitution of India/ came into force/ on this day./ On this day/ a parade takes place/ in the national capital of India./ It is also a national festival./ Students celebrate this day/ in schools and colleges/ by organizing great events/ like parade,/ flag hoisting,/ and cultural activities./ Republic Day is a great occasion/ to unite the people of India./ It is also an occasion/ to dedicate ourselves/ to the service of our nation./ Republic Day is celebrated/ all over the country/ with enthusiasm./ It is also a national festival./ On this day of great honor/ every Indian should sincerely promise/ to safeguard the Constitution,/ and maintain peace and harmony./ Once again/ I wish you all/ a great Republic Day./ Jai Hind,/ Jai Bharat./ ESSAY ON MOBILE PHONE ADDICTION Mobile phones offer the freedom to instantly connect with anyone around the world. They enable us to find any information we require and are a great source of entertainment. While this invention was aimed at empowering us, sadly it is turning out to be something that is overpowering us. Most mobile users these days are suffering from mobile addiction. One can do so much on a mobile phone. Our mobile phones enable us to indulge in gaming, gambling and online shopping. They connect us with people around the world, allow us to watch movies, click pictures, listen to music, surf the internet and enjoy various other activities. It is hard not to get addicted to this power house of entertainment. However, it is essential not to fall prey to it. This is because its repercussions could be damaging. Mobile addiction causes several serious problems such as headache, weakened eyesight, sleep disorders, depression, social isolation, stress, aggressive behavior, financial problems, ruined relationships and no or low professional growth. Mobile phones have been created for our convenience. We must limit their usage to take charge of our lives. If you feel, you are getting addicted to your mobile phone then look for ways to get rid of it. You should also take it as your responsibility to help your loved ones get rid of this addiction.
SCHOOL CITY EDUCATION – GRAMMAR BANK @ GRADE VIII
SEGMENT 10: PHRASES & IDIOMS Q1. What is a phrase? A phrase is a group of words that makes sense but does not make a complete sense. They do not have any subject and predicate. Eg. He sat on the table. Q2.What is an idiom? An idiom is a group of words with a meaning which is different from the usual meaning of the separate words. Eg It is raining cats and dogs. = It is raining heavily. Exercise 10.1: Learn the meaning of the following common phrases. 1. at all cost = whatever may be the price 2. at sixes and sevens = in disorder 3. at the eleventh hour = at the last moment 4. beyond question = undoubtedly 5. by leaps and bounds = rapidly 6. hand in glove = very much close 7. in a fix = in a difficult position 8. in full swing = with full force 9. in vogue = in fashion 10. in the nick of time = just at the right moment Exercise 10.2: Learn the meaning of the following idioms 1. the lion’s share = larger or largest part 2. turn a deaf ear to = ignore or refuse to listen 3. keep an eye on = watch 4. live from hand to mouth = leave very poorly 5. lose heart = lose hope 6. a hard nut to crack = a difficult problem to solve 7. in a nutshell = very briefly 8. a red letter day = very important day 9. a storm in the tea cup = a lot of anger 10. by hook or by crook = by any means possible
SCHOOL CITY EDUCATION – GRAMMAR BANK @ GRADE VIII
SEGMENT 11: TENSES Q1. What are the important tense forms? Ans1. There are twelve different tense forms. Present simple - [v1] Present continuous - [is/are/am + v-ing] Present perfect - [has/have + v3] Present perfect continuous - [has/have been + v-ing] Past simple - [v2] Past continuous - [was/were + v-ing] Past perfect - [had + v3] Past perfect continuous - [had been + v-ing] Future simple - [will + v1] Future continuous - [will be + v-ing] Future perfect - [will have + v3] Future perfect continuous - [will have been + v-ing] CONJUGATION OF VERB Present simple: Ram kills a snake. [v1] Present continuous: Ram is killing a snake. [is/are/am + v-ing] Present perfect: Ram has killed a snake. [has/have + v3] Present perfect continuous: Ram has been killing a snake. [has/have been + v-ing] Past simple: Ram killed a snake. [v2] Past continuous: Ram was killing a snake. [was/were + v-ing] Past perfect: Ram had killed a snake. [had + v3] Past perfect continuous: Ram had been killing a snake. [had been + v-ing] Future simple: Ram will kill a snake. [will + v1] Future continuous: Ram will be killing a snake. [will be + v-ing] Future perfect: Ram will have killed a snake. [will have + v3] Future perfect continuous: Ram will have been killing a snake. [will have been + v-ing] Exercise No. 11.1: Conjugate the following verbs in sentences of your own and underline the verb forms. 1) drink 2) sing 3) catch 4) win Exercise No. 11.2: Change the tenses as directed. 1. He is showing progress in his performance. (present perfect) 2. The garden yields lot of fruits. (present continuous) 3. We visit that place daily nowadays. (present continuous) 4. He puts milk in tea. (present continuous) 5. I reach late. (past perfect) 6. We live in a village. (past simple) 7. A wood cutter cut tree. (past continuous) 8. The gentleman has spoken the truth. (future indefinite) 9. Mangal was going to leave for Delhi on Saturday. (future continuous) 10. He is taking his secretary with him. (future perfect) Exercise No. 11.3: Fill in the blanks with for or since. 1. I am hungry …….…. evening. 2. The man has been teaching …….… two hours. 3. Children have been playing …….… the whole day. 4. The roads are overflown by water as it has been raining …….… last morning. 5. We have been travelling …….… yesterday.
SCHOOL CITY EDUCATION – GRAMMAR BANK @ GRADE VIII
SEGMENT 12: COMPREHENSION – LETTER & ESSAY LETTER Write a letter to your friend inviting him/her to attend your birthday party. Dear friend …………….., Hope you are doing well. I am going to celebrate my 13th birthday on 20th May 2025. As a part of the celebration a grand party is being arranged at my home. Your presence in the party is awaited with great enthusiasm. We will have a great time with all our friends on that day. Your favorite pasta is also available in the menu. Convey my regards to your parents. Yours friendly, Anisha Singh. Rajendra Nagar, 10-04-2025. ESSAY ON OVERPOPULATION Today, there are a total of 8.1 billion people in the world. This is a result of overpopulation and studies suggest that in the next 25 years, this number will reach 10 billion. This is overpopulation or overabundance, where our environment cannot offer resources to such large amounts of people. Overpopulation is not limited to humans only. It can be of any species living in a particular habitat. India, China, and the USA are the three most populated countries in the world, which account for a total of 40% of the global population. Population plays a major role in a country’s development. However, if there is overpopulation, it will hamper developmental activities and there will be fewer resources available. This will eventually lead to higher food prices, making survival difficult for everyone. A rapidly growing population can outstrip job opportunities, resulting in high levels of unemployment. This can lead to social unrest and economic instability. The world is our home and we are its protectors. Overpopulation is putting a lot of strain on the natural environment, and it needs to be addressed in a civilized way. We need to make sure there is enough for everyone and that we are fulfilling our duty to Mother Nature.
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